Stephen’s speech in Acts 7 is one of the most powerful sermons in the Bible. It recounts Israel’s history, confronts religious hypocrisy, and ends with Stephen’s martyrdom. His words and sacrifice hold deep lessons for every believer today.
Acts 7 connects directly to the events of Acts 6. Stephen, a man full of faith and the Holy Spirit, was falsely accused of blasphemy. The religious leaders dragged him before the Sanhedrin, the Jewish high court. In response, Stephen delivered a Spirit-filled speech that pointed to Israel’s repeated rejection of God’s messengers. His message sealed his fate, leading to his execution by stoning.
The Book of Acts records the early church’s growth and the challenges faced by believers. It highlights the work of the Holy Spirit and the spread of the Gospel. Stephen’s story is a pivotal moment, showing both the cost and the courage of true faith.
Acts 7 is unique because it is the longest recorded speech in Acts. It is also a turning point in church history—Stephen’s death triggered widespread persecution, leading believers to spread the Gospel beyond Jerusalem. His words challenge us to examine our own faith and boldness.
As you explore this chapter, ask yourself: What can Stephen’s faith teach you about standing firm? How does his speech apply to your walk with God? Let’s dive in and uncover the powerful lessons in Acts 7.
Bible Study Guide on Acts 7: What You Will Learn
- How Stephen defended his faith before the Sanhedrin.
- The significance of Israel’s history in Stephen’s speech.
- How Joseph and Moses foreshadowed Jesus.
- The dangers of rejecting God’s messengers.
- The difference between religious tradition and true faith.
- Why Stephen’s boldness is an example for all believers.
- How persecution played a role in spreading the Gospel.
- The importance of forgiving others, even in suffering.
Before we begin, let’s take a moment to pray for understanding.
Short Prayer for Guidance
Heavenly Father,
Open our hearts and minds as we study Acts 7. Help us to see Your truth, learn from Stephen’s example, and apply these lessons in our lives. Give us wisdom, courage, and faith to stand firm in You.
Thank You, Lord.
Amen.
Acts 7: Background & Context
Prolog
The events of Acts 7 build upon the foundation laid in previous chapters. In Acts 6, we are introduced to Stephen, a man full of faith, wisdom, and the Holy Spirit. He was chosen as one of the first deacons to serve the early church. However, opposition arose from the religious leaders, who falsely accused him of blasphemy against Moses and God.
This moment echoes the pattern seen throughout the Bible—God raises up messengers, but they are often rejected by those unwilling to hear the truth. Stephen’s speech in Acts 7 is not just a defense; it is a powerful retelling of Israel’s history, showing how they repeatedly resisted God’s plan. His words serve as a final prophetic warning to the Sanhedrin before they ultimately silence him.
Historical Context
The Book of Acts was written by Luke, the same author of the Gospel of Luke. It was likely written between A.D. 60-70 and documents the birth and expansion of the early church. The events of Acts 7 occurred in Jerusalem, at a time when Christianity was still seen as a sect within Judaism. The religious authorities felt threatened by the growing movement and sought to suppress it.
Stephen’s speech took place before the Sanhedrin, the Jewish ruling council. The Sanhedrin held great power in religious and legal matters. Their rejection of Stephen mirrors their earlier rejection of Jesus. His death marked the first recorded martyrdom of a Christian, sparking a wave of persecution that led to the Gospel spreading beyond Jerusalem.
Key People & Places
- Stephen – A Spirit-filled believer, chosen as a deacon, falsely accused, and ultimately martyred for his faith.
- Sanhedrin – The Jewish ruling council that judged Stephen and condemned him to death.
- Moses – A key figure in Stephen’s speech, used as an example of how Israel often rejected God’s chosen leaders.
- Joseph – Another example in Stephen’s speech, showing how God’s deliverance often comes through suffering.
- Abraham – The father of Israel, whose faith and covenant with God set the foundation for Stephen’s argument.
- Jerusalem – The location where Stephen was tried and stoned, and the center of Jewish religious authority.
- The Temple – A major theme in Stephen’s speech, as he challenged the leaders’ misunderstanding of God’s presence.
Understanding Acts 7
Reading the Passage
Before diving into the study, take a moment to read Acts 7 aloud. Reading Scripture out loud helps you absorb its meaning, notice key details, and engage with the text in a deeper way. As you read, pay attention to Stephen’s tone, his use of historical examples, and how his speech builds toward a powerful conclusion.
Verse-by-Verse Explanation
#1. Stephen’s Opening Defense Before the Sanhedrin (Acts 7:1-8)
Acts 7:1 – “Then the high priest asked Stephen, ‘Are these charges true?’”
Stephen stood before the Sanhedrin, the highest Jewish court. The high priest, likely Caiaphas, gave him a chance to respond to the accusations of blasphemy. Instead of offering a direct defense, Stephen launched into a detailed history of Israel, demonstrating their long pattern of rejecting God’s messengers.
Explanation:
This moment was significant because it mirrored the trial of Jesus before the same court. The high priest’s question set the stage for Stephen’s speech, which was more than a personal defense—it was a prophetic indictment of Israel’s unfaithfulness. Stephen knew his words would be controversial, but he boldly delivered the truth. His response was not about saving himself but about testifying to God’s work in history.
Acts 7:2 – “To this he replied: ‘Brothers and fathers, listen to me! The God of glory appeared to our father Abraham while he was still in Mesopotamia, before he lived in Harran.’”
Stephen addressed the Sanhedrin with respect, calling them “brothers and fathers.” He began his defense with Abraham, the father of Israel, showing that God’s plan started long before the nation had a land or a temple.
Explanation:
Stephen chose Abraham to establish common ground with his audience. The Sanhedrin revered Abraham, and by starting with him, Stephen showed that he shared their respect for God’s covenant. His reference to “the God of glory” emphasized that God was not confined to the Temple or Jerusalem. This subtly challenged the Jewish leaders’ belief that God’s presence was limited to sacred places.
Acts 7:3 – “‘Leave your country and your people,’ God said, ‘and go to the land I will show you.’”
Stephen reminded them that God called Abraham to leave his homeland and follow Him in faith. Abraham obeyed without knowing exactly where he was going.
Explanation:
This verse highlights the theme of faith and obedience. Abraham trusted God’s promise before he had seen its fulfillment. Stephen used this example to challenge the Jewish leaders’ rigid attachment to the land and Temple. Just as Abraham had to step out in faith, true followers of God must be willing to trust Him beyond their traditions.
Acts 7:4 – “So he left the land of the Chaldeans and settled in Harran. After the death of his father, God sent him to this land where you are now living.”
Abraham moved from Ur of the Chaldeans to Harran and later to Canaan. God led him step by step, fulfilling His promise gradually.
Explanation:
Stephen pointed out that Abraham did not immediately receive the land. This was a crucial reminder that God’s promises unfold over time. The Jewish leaders were clinging to physical land and religious structures, but Stephen was emphasizing faith in God’s guidance. The journey of faith often involves waiting and trusting in God’s timing.
Acts 7:5 – “He gave him no inheritance here, not even enough ground to set his foot on. But God promised him that he and his descendants after him would possess the land, even though at that time Abraham had no child.”
Abraham lived in the promised land but never owned it. God’s promise seemed impossible because Abraham had no children at the time.
Explanation:
Stephen highlighted that Abraham’s faith was based on God’s promise, not immediate possession. This was a direct challenge to the Sanhedrin, who placed their security in the land and the Temple. God’s covenant was always about faith, not just physical inheritance. This was a call for them to shift their focus from religious structures to true dependence on God.
Acts 7:6 – “God spoke to him in this way: ‘For four hundred years your descendants will be strangers in a country not their own, and they will be enslaved and mistreated.’”
God revealed that Abraham’s descendants would suffer before receiving the land. Their journey would include hardship and oppression.
Explanation:
Stephen’s audience prided themselves on being children of Abraham, but he reminded them that Israel’s history included suffering. This foreshadowed Stephen’s own fate—just as Israel’s early generations suffered before deliverance, Stephen would suffer for proclaiming the truth. The Jewish leaders wanted to hold onto their privileged status, but Stephen was showing that God’s plan often includes trials before fulfillment.
Acts 7:7 – “‘But I will punish the nation they serve as slaves,’ God said, ‘and afterward they will come out of that country and worship me in this place.’”
God promised to deliver Israel from Egypt and bring them to the promised land. His plan included both judgment and restoration.
Explanation:
This verse emphasized God’s control over history. Just as He delivered Israel from Egypt, He was still at work guiding His people. Stephen was leading his listeners to see that God’s plans are bigger than one nation or one location. True worship is not about a place but about following God wherever He leads.
Acts 7:8 – “Then he gave Abraham the covenant of circumcision. And Abraham became the father of Isaac and circumcised him eight days after his birth. Later Isaac became the father of Jacob, and Jacob became the father of the twelve patriarchs.”
Stephen concluded this section by mentioning the covenant of circumcision, a sign of God’s promise to Abraham’s descendants.
Explanation:
Circumcision was a physical mark of the covenant, but Stephen was setting up a deeper point. The Jewish leaders prided themselves on this tradition, yet they failed to live in true obedience to God. Stephen was building a case that outward signs are meaningless without inward faith. This theme would become central as he continued his speech.
Seeing Yourself in the Narrative
Stephen’s opening words remind us that faith requires trust, even when we don’t see immediate results. Abraham obeyed God before receiving any fulfillment of the promises. In the same way, we are called to walk by faith, trusting in God’s plan even when it feels uncertain. Where is God calling you to trust Him more deeply?
The Sanhedrin clung to their traditions and missed the heart of God’s message. It’s easy to fall into the same trap—valuing religious practices over a true relationship with God. Ask yourself: Am I holding onto traditions more than I am holding onto Christ? Stephen’s speech challenges us to seek faith that is alive and active, not just rooted in rituals.
#2. Joseph’s Story: God’s Deliverance Through Suffering (Acts 7:9-16)
Acts 7:9 – “Because the patriarchs were jealous of Joseph, they sold him as a slave into Egypt. But God was with him.”
Joseph’s own brothers, the patriarchs of Israel, betrayed him out of jealousy. They sold him into slavery, thinking they had rid themselves of him. Yet, despite their actions, God was with Joseph.
Explanation:
Stephen used Joseph’s story to show a recurring pattern—God’s chosen servants are often rejected by their own people. The Jewish leaders claimed to honor their ancestors, yet those same ancestors had acted in wickedness. Stephen was subtly drawing a parallel between Joseph and Jesus. Just as Joseph was rejected by his brothers but later became their savior, Jesus was rejected by Israel but became the true deliverer.
Acts 7:10 – “But God rescued him from all his troubles. He gave Joseph wisdom and enabled him to gain the goodwill of Pharaoh king of Egypt. So Pharaoh made him ruler over Egypt and all his palace.”
Though Joseph suffered, God’s hand was upon him. He was raised to a position of power and used to preserve many lives.
Explanation:
Stephen emphasized that deliverance comes from God alone. Joseph’s rise to power was not by accident but by divine appointment. This foreshadowed Christ—despised and rejected, but later exalted. The Sanhedrin, who prided themselves on recognizing God’s chosen ones, were acting just like Joseph’s brothers. They were rejecting the very one sent to save them.
Acts 7:11 – “Then a famine struck all Egypt and Canaan, bringing great suffering, and our ancestors could not find food.”
A severe famine forced Joseph’s brothers to seek help. Their survival depended on the very brother they had betrayed.
Explanation:
This verse illustrated a key biblical theme—what people mean for evil, God uses for good. The brothers’ rejection of Joseph ultimately led to their salvation. Stephen was making a clear connection to Jesus. The Jewish leaders had rejected Christ, yet He was their only hope for spiritual survival.
Acts 7:12 – “When Jacob heard that there was grain in Egypt, he sent our forefathers on their first visit.”
Jacob sent his sons to Egypt for food, unaware that Joseph was the one providing it.
Explanation:
This was the first encounter between the brothers and their savior, but they did not recognize him. This mirrored Israel’s relationship with Jesus—He came to His own, but they did not recognize Him as the Messiah. Stephen was pushing the Sanhedrin to see that they were following the same tragic pattern.
Acts 7:13 – “On their second visit, Joseph made himself known to his brothers, and Pharaoh learned about Joseph’s family.”
It was only on their second visit that Joseph revealed his identity.
Explanation:
Stephen subtly hinted at how Israel had missed Jesus in His first coming. But just as Joseph’s brothers eventually recognized him, there would come a day when Israel would recognize Christ. This was a message of both warning and hope—those who reject God’s chosen one still have the chance to turn back to Him.
Acts 7:14 – “After this, Joseph sent for his father Jacob and his whole family, seventy-five in all.”
Joseph not only forgave his brothers but provided for them, bringing the whole family to safety in Egypt.
Explanation:
Stephen was showing that God’s plan is about reconciliation. Joseph’s story was not just about betrayal but about redemption. This foreshadowed Jesus’ mission—to save even those who had rejected Him. The Jewish leaders needed to realize that, like Joseph’s brothers, they had an opportunity to accept God’s salvation.
Acts 7:15 – “Then Jacob went down to Egypt, where he and our ancestors died.”
Jacob and his descendants lived in Egypt, where they eventually passed away.
Explanation:
Even though they were in a foreign land, God was still with His people. This was another challenge to the Sanhedrin’s belief that God’s presence was tied to the land of Israel. Stephen was pointing out that God’s work is not confined to one place. His presence is with His people, wherever they are.
Acts 7:16 – “Their bodies were brought back to Shechem and placed in the tomb that Abraham had bought from the sons of Hamor at Shechem for a certain sum of money.”
Jacob and his sons were eventually buried in Shechem, fulfilling the connection to the promised land.
Explanation:
Stephen reminded them that even though Israel’s ancestors lived and died in Egypt, their burial in Shechem symbolized God’s ongoing faithfulness to His promise. This was a direct contrast to the religious leaders’ narrow mindset—God’s plan had always been bigger than a single location. Stephen was urging them to see the bigger picture of God’s unfolding redemption.
Seeing Yourself in the Narrative
Joseph’s story teaches us that suffering is often part of God’s greater plan. Like Joseph, we may face rejection, hardship, and betrayal. Yet, just as God was with Joseph, He is with us. Are there trials in your life that you need to trust God with? Do you believe that He is working all things for good, even when you don’t see it?
The brothers did not recognize Joseph at first, just as many fail to recognize Jesus. Have you truly recognized Christ as your Savior? Have you fully accepted His forgiveness and leadership in your life? Stephen’s message challenges us to open our eyes to God’s plan and embrace the salvation He offers.
#3. Moses’ Early Life and Calling (Acts 7:17-29)
Acts 7:17 – “As the time drew near for God to fulfill his promise to Abraham, the number of our people in Egypt had greatly increased.”
God’s promise to Abraham was unfolding. The Israelites multiplied, just as God had foretold.
Explanation:
Stephen reminded his audience that God’s timing is perfect. Though centuries had passed, God’s promise to Abraham was still in motion. The growth of Israel in Egypt was not random—it was part of a divine plan. This set the stage for their eventual deliverance. Likewise, God’s promises in our lives may take time, but they are always fulfilled.
Acts 7:18 – “Then a new king, to whom Joseph meant nothing, came to power in Egypt.”
A new Pharaoh rose to power, one who did not know Joseph’s contributions to Egypt.
Explanation:
This shift in leadership brought hardship to Israel. The favor that Joseph had secured was forgotten. This verse reveals how earthly rulers change, but God’s promises remain. Stephen was emphasizing that human governments are unreliable, but God is constant. Israel’s suffering was not a sign of God’s absence but a setup for their deliverance.
Acts 7:19 – “He dealt treacherously with our people and oppressed our ancestors by forcing them to throw out their newborn babies so that they would die.”
Pharaoh turned against the Israelites, fearing their numbers. He ordered the slaughter of their infant boys.
Explanation:
This was a direct attack on God’s people. Pharaoh’s decree echoed Satan’s ongoing attempt to destroy God’s plans. Stephen highlighted how Israel had faced oppression before but was always rescued by God. This also foreshadowed King Herod’s attempt to kill baby Jesus. The theme was clear: the enemy always tries to stop God’s deliverers, but God’s purpose prevails.
Acts 7:20 – “At that time Moses was born, and he was no ordinary child. For three months he was cared for by his family.”
Moses was born during a time of great oppression, yet his life was preserved.
Explanation:
Moses’ birth was not accidental. He was chosen by God from the beginning. Despite Pharaoh’s evil decree, God ensured Moses’ survival. This reflected how God always raises up a deliverer for His people. Stephen was drawing a connection to Jesus—born under Roman rule, threatened by a king’s decree, yet destined to save His people.
Acts 7:21 – “When he was placed outside, Pharaoh’s daughter took him and brought him up as her own son.”
Moses was rescued by Pharaoh’s own family and raised in privilege.
Explanation:
God’s sovereignty is evident in this verse. The very household that sought to destroy Israel ended up nurturing its future deliverer. Moses grew up with access to wisdom, education, and leadership training, all part of God’s preparation. Stephen was emphasizing that God’s plans cannot be stopped, even when the enemy seems to be in control.
Acts 7:22 – “Moses was educated in all the wisdom of the Egyptians and was powerful in speech and action.”
Moses received the best education and became a strong leader.
Explanation:
Stephen highlighted Moses’ qualifications. He was not just any man—he was trained in the highest knowledge of the time. Yet, despite his wisdom and power, Moses would later learn that true strength comes from God. This was a subtle reminder that religious knowledge alone was not enough—something the Sanhedrin needed to hear.
Acts 7:23 – “When Moses was forty years old, he decided to visit his own people, the Israelites.”
Moses’ heart was with his people. Though raised in royalty, he identified with Israel.
Explanation:
This verse showed Moses’ growing awareness of his divine calling. Though he had everything in Egypt, he longed to help his people. This reflected Jesus’ mission—leaving His heavenly throne to dwell among us. Stephen was emphasizing that true leaders don’t seek personal gain but sacrifice for others.
Acts 7:24 – “He saw one of them being mistreated by an Egyptian, so he went to his defense and avenged him by killing the Egyptian.”
Moses acted in defense of an oppressed Israelite and killed an Egyptian taskmaster.
Explanation:
This was Moses’ first attempt to bring justice, but it was done in human strength. Stephen was subtly pointing out that deliverance must come through God, not human effort. The Jewish leaders also relied on human power instead of recognizing God’s ways. Stephen was challenging them to see their own spiritual blindness.
Acts 7:25 – “Moses thought that his own people would realize that God was using him to rescue them, but they did not.”
Moses assumed that Israel would see him as their deliverer, but they rejected him.
Explanation:
Stephen was making a direct parallel to Jesus. Just as Israel rejected Moses’ leadership at first, they had rejected Jesus. This pattern of rejecting God’s chosen ones repeated throughout Israel’s history. The Sanhedrin’s own rejection of Christ was part of this ongoing cycle.
Acts 7:26 – “The next day Moses came upon two Israelites who were fighting. He tried to reconcile them by saying, ‘Men, you are brothers; why do you want to hurt each other?’”
Moses sought to bring peace among his people.
Explanation:
Moses was not only a deliverer but also a mediator. His attempt to restore unity foreshadowed Christ, who came to bring reconciliation between God and humanity. Yet, just as Moses was misunderstood, so was Jesus. Stephen was showing how Israel had consistently resisted those sent by God.
Acts 7:27 – “But the man who was mistreating the other pushed Moses aside and said, ‘Who made you ruler and judge over us?’”
Moses faced rejection from his own people.
Explanation:
This rejection was a key moment in Israel’s history. Moses, chosen by God, was dismissed by those he came to help. This mirrored Jesus’ rejection by the Jewish leaders. Stephen was making it clear: just as Israel had resisted Moses, they were now resisting the ultimate Deliverer—Jesus Christ.
Acts 7:28 – “‘Are you thinking of killing me as you killed the Egyptian yesterday?’”
Moses’ past mistake was used against him.
Explanation:
This verse showed that Israel was not ready for their deliverance. Instead of accepting Moses, they feared and rejected him. Stephen was pointing out that Israel had a history of rejecting those sent by God. The Sanhedrin, in rejecting Jesus, were doing exactly what their ancestors had done.
Acts 7:29 – “When Moses heard this, he fled to Midian, where he settled as a foreigner and had two sons.”
Moses was forced into exile, away from his people.
Explanation:
Though rejected, Moses’ calling was not over. His time in Midian was God’s way of preparing him for the greater mission ahead. Stephen was implying that rejection does not mean failure. Just as Moses returned to fulfill his calling, so would Jesus return to reign as King.
Seeing Yourself in the Narrative
Moses’ story reminds us that God’s timing is not always our timing. Moses acted too soon, trying to bring deliverance through his own strength. Have you ever tried to take matters into your own hands instead of waiting on God? Do you trust that God’s plan will unfold in the right way, even if it takes longer than expected?
Rejection is painful, but it does not define you. Moses was rejected by his own people, yet God still had a purpose for him. Have you ever felt rejected by those you tried to help? Remember, God’s calling remains, even when others fail to see it. Stay faithful, and trust that He is preparing you for something greater.
#4. God’s Deliverance Through Moses (Acts 7:30-43)
Acts 7:30 – “After forty years had passed, an angel appeared to Moses in the flames of a burning bush in the desert near Mount Sinai.”
After many years in Midian, Moses encountered God in a miraculous way.
Explanation:
Moses’ forty years in the wilderness were not wasted; they were a time of preparation. God often calls people after a period of waiting and refining. The burning bush was not just a sign—it was an invitation to step into God’s plan. Stephen emphasized that God reveals Himself to those He calls, just as He had revealed Himself to Moses.
Acts 7:31 – “When he saw this, he was amazed at the sight. As he went over to get a closer look, he heard the Lord’s voice.”
Moses was drawn to the bush and heard God speak to him.
Explanation:
God knows how to get our attention. Moses’ curiosity led him closer, and that’s when he heard the voice of the Lord. Many times, we must take a step of faith before we receive divine instruction. Stephen pointed out that God had spoken directly to Moses, reminding the Sanhedrin that true authority comes from God, not human institutions.
Acts 7:32 – “‘I am the God of your fathers, the God of Abraham, Isaac and Jacob.’ Moses trembled with fear and did not dare to look.”
God introduced Himself as the God of Israel’s ancestors, and Moses was filled with fear.
Explanation:
This verse emphasized God’s continuity—He had not abandoned His people. Stephen was reminding his audience that God had always been active in Israel’s history. Moses’ fear showed his reverence, something the Jewish leaders lacked. They claimed to follow God, but they did not fear or respect Him as Moses did.
Acts 7:33 – “Then the Lord said to him, ‘Take off your sandals, for the place where you are standing is holy ground.’”
God commanded Moses to remove his sandals as a sign of respect.
Explanation:
Holiness demands reverence. The presence of God transforms any place into holy ground. Stephen was subtly pointing out that true worship is not about the temple but about God’s presence. The Jewish leaders idolized the temple, yet they failed to recognize God’s presence in Jesus Christ.
Acts 7:34 – “‘I have indeed seen the oppression of my people in Egypt. I have heard their groaning and have come down to set them free. Now come, I will send you back to Egypt.’”
God assured Moses that He saw Israel’s suffering and was ready to act.
Explanation:
God is not distant; He sees, hears, and responds to the cries of His people. Stephen was reminding his audience that God had always been involved in Israel’s deliverance. However, just as Israel rejected Moses initially, they had now rejected Jesus, the ultimate Deliverer sent by God.
Acts 7:35 – “This is the same Moses they had rejected with the words, ‘Who made you ruler and judge?’ He was sent to be their ruler and deliverer by God himself, through the angel who appeared to him in the bush.”
Moses, once rejected, was later established by God as Israel’s leader.
Explanation:
Stephen directly connected Moses’ rejection to Jesus’ rejection. Israel had a pattern of rejecting God’s chosen leaders. The Sanhedrin saw themselves as defenders of Moses’ law, yet they were repeating the same mistake their ancestors made by rejecting Christ.
Acts 7:36 – “He led them out of Egypt and performed wonders and signs in Egypt, at the Red Sea and for forty years in the wilderness.”
God empowered Moses to lead Israel through miraculous signs.
Explanation:
Stephen highlighted how God confirmed Moses’ leadership through miracles. Similarly, Jesus performed many signs, yet the Jewish leaders refused to believe. Stephen was making it clear: rejecting a deliverer sent by God always leads to spiritual blindness.
Acts 7:37 – “This is the Moses who told the Israelites, ‘God will raise up for you a prophet like me from your own people.’”
Moses prophesied about another prophet who would come after him.
Explanation:
This was a direct prophecy about Jesus. Stephen pointed out that Moses himself foretold Christ’s coming, yet the Jewish leaders refused to see it. By rejecting Jesus, they were going against the very teachings of Moses.
Acts 7:38 – “He was in the assembly in the wilderness, with the angel who spoke to him on Mount Sinai, and with our ancestors; and he received living words to pass on to us.”
Moses received God’s law and gave it to Israel.
Explanation:
Stephen emphasized that Moses was a mediator between God and Israel, just as Jesus is the ultimate mediator. The leaders honored the law but ignored the One whom the law pointed to—Jesus.
Acts 7:39 – “But our ancestors refused to obey him. Instead, they rejected him and in their hearts turned back to Egypt.”
Israel rejected Moses and longed to return to Egypt.
Explanation:
Stephen was exposing the hard-heartedness of Israel. Despite seeing God’s power, they longed for their former bondage. He was warning the Sanhedrin that rejecting Jesus was the same as turning back to spiritual slavery.
Acts 7:40 – “They told Aaron, ‘Make us gods who will go before us. As for this fellow Moses who led us out of Egypt—we don’t know what has happened to him!’”
The people quickly abandoned Moses and turned to idolatry.
Explanation:
Israel’s rebellion was not just against Moses—it was against God. Stephen was accusing the Jewish leaders of the same sin. They had turned to their traditions and rejected the true Deliverer, Jesus.
Acts 7:41 – “That was the time they made an idol in the form of a calf. They brought sacrifices to it and reveled in what their own hands had made.”
Israel worshipped a golden calf instead of God.
Explanation:
Stephen exposed how Israel had a long history of idolatry. They had put their trust in man-made religion rather than in God. This was a direct challenge to the Jewish leaders, who valued the temple and the law above a true relationship with God.
Acts 7:42-43 – “But God turned away from them and gave them over to the worship of the sun, moon and stars. This agrees with what is written in the book of the prophets: ‘Did you bring me sacrifices and offerings forty years in the wilderness, people of Israel? You have taken up the tabernacle of Molek and the star of your god Rephan, the idols you made to worship. Therefore I will send you into exile beyond Babylon.’”
Because of their idolatry, God allowed Israel to suffer exile.
Explanation:
Stephen warned that rejecting God leads to judgment. The Jewish leaders were guilty of the same rebellion. By rejecting Jesus, they were inviting God’s judgment upon themselves. Stephen was not just giving history—he was calling them to repentance.
Seeing Yourself in the Narrative
God’s timing is always perfect. Moses had to wait 40 years before stepping into his calling. Have you ever felt like you’re waiting too long for God’s promises? Trust that He is preparing you, just as He prepared Moses. Your wilderness season is not wasted—it’s a time of refining and equipping.
Rejection is not the end of the story. Moses was rejected at first, but God still used him for His glory. Jesus was also rejected, yet He became the Savior of the world. Have you ever felt overlooked or dismissed? God’s purpose for your life is not determined by people’s opinions. Stay faithful, and let Him lead you into His perfect plan.
#5. The Tabernacle and the Temple (Acts 7:44-50)
Acts 7:44 – “Our ancestors had the tabernacle of the covenant law with them in the wilderness. It had been made as God directed Moses, according to the pattern he had seen.”
God commanded Moses to build the tabernacle as a dwelling place for His presence.
Explanation:
The tabernacle was a portable sanctuary that symbolized God’s presence among His people. Stephen reminded the Jewish leaders that worship was never about a physical structure but about God Himself. The emphasis was on obedience to God’s instructions, not the building itself. This was a direct challenge to the Sanhedrin, who idolized the temple rather than focusing on true worship.
Acts 7:45 – “After receiving the tabernacle, our ancestors under Joshua brought it with them when they took the land from the nations God drove out before them. It remained in the land until the time of David.”
The tabernacle was carried into the Promised Land and remained there for generations.
Explanation:
Stephen traced the history of the tabernacle from the wilderness to the time of David. This was significant because it showed that God’s presence was not limited to one place. The Jewish leaders had placed their faith in the temple, but Stephen was reminding them that God’s presence had always been mobile, following His people wherever they went.
Acts 7:46 – “David, who found favor in the sight of God, asked that he might provide a dwelling place for the God of Jacob.”
David desired to build a permanent temple for God.
Explanation:
David had a heart for worship, but God did not allow him to build the temple. Instead, God established David’s dynasty, promising that his lineage would bring forth the Messiah. Stephen subtly pointed to Jesus, the true fulfillment of God’s promise. He was showing the Jewish leaders that the temple was never the ultimate goal—God’s redemptive plan was.
Acts 7:47 – “But it was Solomon who built a house for him.”
Solomon built the first temple in Jerusalem.
Explanation:
The temple was meant to be a place of worship, but over time, it became an object of pride. The Jewish leaders clung to the temple as their source of religious identity, rather than recognizing God’s greater purpose. Stephen was making it clear: while Solomon built the temple, God never intended for His presence to be confined to a building.
Acts 7:48 – “However, the Most High does not live in houses made by human hands. As the prophet says:”
God’s presence cannot be contained in a physical structure.
Explanation:
Stephen quoted Isaiah to drive home his point—God is not confined to buildings. The Sanhedrin’s obsession with the temple blinded them to the reality of God’s presence in Jesus. Stephen was challenging their rigid thinking, reminding them that God is greater than any earthly structure.
Acts 7:49-50 – “‘Heaven is my throne, and the earth is my footstool. What kind of house will you build for me? says the Lord. Or where will my resting place be? Has not my hand made all these things?’”
God declared that He is far greater than any temple built by human hands.
Explanation:
Stephen quoted Isaiah 66:1-2 to emphasize God’s sovereignty. The Jewish leaders revered the temple, but Stephen reminded them that God’s presence fills all of creation. Their reliance on a physical building for spiritual security was misplaced. Stephen’s message was clear: true worship is about relationship with God, not religious institutions.
Seeing Yourself in the Narrative
Do you ever limit God’s presence to a place or routine? The Jewish leaders clung to the temple, but God was calling them to something greater. Worship is not about a building—it’s about a heart surrendered to Him. Whether in a church, at home, or anywhere else, God is present and working in your life.
God cannot be confined by human expectations. The religious leaders rejected Jesus because He did not fit their idea of the Messiah. Have you ever resisted God’s plan because it didn’t look the way you expected? Surrender your expectations and trust that His ways are higher than ours. Let God work in your life without limitations.
#6. Stephen Rebukes the Jewish Leaders (Acts 7:51-53)
Acts 7:51 – “You stiff-necked people! Your hearts and ears are still uncircumcised. You are just like your ancestors: You always resist the Holy Spirit!”
Stephen rebuked the Jewish leaders for their stubbornness and rejection of God’s truth.
Explanation:
“Stiff-necked” was a term God used for Israel in the Old Testament when they rebelled. Stephen accused the Sanhedrin of having uncircumcised hearts and ears, meaning they were spiritually blind and deaf to God’s voice. Despite their outward religious appearance, they were just like their ancestors who rejected God’s messengers. They were actively resisting the Holy Spirit, just as their forefathers had done.
Acts 7:52 – “Was there ever a prophet your ancestors did not persecute? They even killed those who predicted the coming of the Righteous One. And now you have betrayed and murdered him—”
Stephen pointed out that the Jewish people had a long history of rejecting God’s prophets.
Explanation:
Stephen reminded them that Israel’s history was filled with persecution of God’s messengers. The prophets who foretold the coming of the Messiah were rejected, imprisoned, and even killed. He made a direct accusation—the Sanhedrin had now done the same to Jesus, the Righteous One. This was the climax of their rebellion against God. They were not protectors of the faith but enemies of God’s redemptive plan.
Acts 7:53 – “You who have received the law that was given through angels but have not obeyed it.”
The Jewish leaders had the law but failed to follow it.
Explanation:
Stephen’s final accusation was devastating. The Sanhedrin prided themselves on keeping the Law of Moses, but Stephen exposed their hypocrisy. The law was given by God through angels, yet they refused to obey it. Their rejection of Jesus showed they were not truly following God. They had turned God’s law into a system of power rather than a means to know Him.
Seeing Yourself in the Narrative
Stephen’s words challenge us to examine our hearts. Are we stubborn when God speaks to us? The religious leaders refused to listen because they were set in their ways. We must remain open to the Holy Spirit, allowing God to convict and change us. If we resist, we risk missing His work in our lives.
Obedience to God is not about religious knowledge but about a surrendered heart. The Sanhedrin had Scripture but rejected its fulfillment in Jesus. Do we truly live out what we claim to believe? Following Christ requires more than knowing God’s Word—it requires a life transformed by Him.
#7. The Martyrdom of Stephen (Acts 7:54-60)
Acts 7:54 – “When the members of the Sanhedrin heard this, they were furious and gnashed their teeth at him.”
The Jewish leaders were enraged by Stephen’s bold accusations.
Explanation:
Stephen’s words cut deep. The Sanhedrin reacted with uncontrolled anger, a sign of their hardened hearts. Instead of repenting, they responded with fury. “Gnashing of teeth” often symbolized extreme rage and hostility. Their reaction showed they were not seeking truth but protecting their power and pride. Stephen had exposed their sin, and rather than turning to God, they turned against His servant.
Acts 7:55 – “But Stephen, full of the Holy Spirit, looked up to heaven and saw the glory of God, and Jesus standing at the right hand of God.”
Stephen, filled with the Spirit, had a divine vision of Jesus in glory.
Explanation:
Despite the chaos around him, Stephen remained filled with the Holy Spirit. His eyes were fixed on heaven, not on his enemies. He saw God’s glory and Jesus standing at His right hand. This was significant—Jesus is usually described as “seated” at God’s right hand, but here, He stands as Stephen’s advocate and defender. This vision confirmed that Stephen’s faith was not in vain.
Acts 7:56 – “‘Look,’ he said, ‘I see heaven open and the Son of Man standing at the right hand of God.’”
Stephen openly declared his vision of Christ’s glory.
Explanation:
Stephen boldly proclaimed what he saw. His reference to Jesus as the “Son of Man” connected directly to Daniel’s prophecy (Daniel 7:13-14), affirming Jesus as the divine Messiah. This was the final straw for the Sanhedrin. They saw it as blasphemy because Stephen was claiming that Jesus, whom they had condemned, was exalted in heaven.
Acts 7:57 – “At this they covered their ears and, yelling at the top of their voices, they all rushed at him,”
The Sanhedrin refused to hear Stephen’s testimony and violently attacked him.
Explanation:
The leaders could not bear to hear the truth. Covering their ears symbolized their complete rejection of Stephen’s message. Their loud yelling reflected their unwillingness to listen. In a mob-like rage, they rushed at Stephen, abandoning all sense of justice. Their reaction showed the depth of their spiritual blindness—they were so hardened against God’s truth that they silenced His messenger.
Acts 7:58 – “dragged him out of the city and began to stone him. Meanwhile, the witnesses laid their coats at the feet of a young man named Saul.”
Stephen was taken outside the city and stoned to death. Saul (later Paul) was present.
Explanation:
Stoning was the traditional Jewish method of execution for blasphemy. By dragging Stephen outside the city, they treated him like an outcast, much like Jesus was crucified outside Jerusalem. The mention of Saul is significant—he was a key figure in persecuting Christians before his conversion. This event planted a seed that would later lead Saul to become the apostle Paul.
Acts 7:59 – “While they were stoning him, Stephen prayed, ‘Lord Jesus, receive my spirit.’”
Stephen entrusted his soul to Jesus, just as Jesus had entrusted His to the Father.
Explanation:
Stephen’s final prayer echoed Jesus’ words on the cross (Luke 23:46). By calling on Jesus, Stephen affirmed Christ’s divine authority. He was not afraid of death because he knew his soul was secure in Christ. His faith remained unshaken, even as stones struck his body. His focus was on Jesus, not his suffering.
Acts 7:60 – “Then he fell on his knees and cried out, ‘Lord, do not hold this sin against them.’ When he had said this, he fell asleep.”
Stephen forgave his killers before taking his final breath.
Explanation:
Stephen’s last words mirrored Jesus’ prayer on the cross: “Father, forgive them” (Luke 23:34). Even in death, he displayed Christ-like love. Instead of cursing his murderers, he interceded for them. His use of “fell asleep” instead of “died” reflects the Christian hope in resurrection. Though his body died, his soul lived on with Christ.
Seeing Yourself in the Narrative
Stephen’s faithfulness in suffering challenges us. Are we willing to stand for truth, even when it costs us? In a world that rejects Christ, we may face opposition for our faith. Like Stephen, we must keep our eyes on Jesus, trusting Him in every trial. His example reminds us that true victory is not in avoiding hardship but in remaining faithful to God.
Forgiving those who wrong us is one of the hardest things to do. Stephen’s last words were not of anger but of mercy. Do you hold bitterness toward someone? Stephen’s story calls us to release resentment and pray for those who oppose us. A heart full of Christ’s love can overcome even the greatest injustice.
Main Teachings of Acts 7
#1. God’s Sovereignty Over History
The speech of Stephen highlights how God has been in control of history from the very beginning. He guided Abraham, Joseph, Moses, and the Israelites according to His divine plan. Even in times of suffering and oppression, God was working behind the scenes to fulfill His purposes. This truth reminds us that nothing happens outside of God’s control, and His plans always prevail.
We often struggle to understand why certain things happen in our lives. However, Acts 7 teaches us that God’s timing and ways are beyond our comprehension. Just as He used trials to shape the faith of biblical figures, He is working in our lives for a greater purpose. Trusting in His sovereignty allows us to find peace, even in uncertain times.
#2. Rejection of God’s Messengers
Throughout history, the people of Israel rejected the prophets and leaders sent by God. Stephen emphasized that they persecuted those who foretold the coming of the Messiah and ultimately rejected Jesus Himself. This pattern of rebellion showed their unwillingness to listen to God’s voice and accept His truth.
This lesson warns us against hardening our hearts to God’s message. Are we truly listening when God speaks through His Word, His Spirit, or His servants? Many reject truth because it challenges their comfort or beliefs. We must be open to correction and ready to embrace God’s truth, even when it is difficult.
#3. Faithfulness in the Face of Persecution
Stephen stood firm in his faith even when facing death. He boldly declared the truth of Christ, knowing it would cost him his life. His courage and steadfastness serve as a model for every believer. In a world where Christians may face opposition, Acts 7 reminds us that suffering for Christ is an honor.
We may not face physical persecution, but standing for our faith will bring challenges. Whether in our workplace, school, or community, we may face rejection for upholding God’s truth. Stephen’s story teaches us to remain faithful, trust in God’s strength, and never compromise our faith for the approval of others.
#4. Jesus as Our Advocate
Stephen saw Jesus standing at the right hand of God, an image of Christ as our advocate and intercessor. In most biblical references, Jesus is seated, but here, He is standing in Stephen’s defense. This powerful moment confirms that Jesus stands with His people, especially in their trials.
As believers, we have an advocate in Jesus who intercedes for us before the Father. When we suffer for His name, He does not abandon us. Instead, He strengthens and welcomes us into His presence. This truth brings comfort and assurance that we are never alone, no matter what challenges we face.
#5. True Worship is About Relationship, Not Ritual
Stephen spoke about the tabernacle and the temple, showing that God’s presence is not confined to a building. The Jewish leaders placed their trust in the temple, but they had lost the true heart of worship. Stephen reminded them that God is not limited to physical structures—He desires a genuine relationship with His people.
Many today fall into the same trap, equating religious rituals with true faith. Going to church, following traditions, or doing good deeds mean nothing if our hearts are far from God. Acts 7 calls us to examine our worship. Are we simply going through religious motions, or are we truly seeking a deep relationship with Him?
#6. The Power of Forgiveness
Stephen’s final words mirrored Jesus’ prayer on the cross: “Lord, do not hold this sin against them.” Despite being brutally murdered, he forgave his killers and prayed for their salvation. His response reflected Christ’s love and mercy, showing the power of a forgiving heart.
Forgiveness is one of the hardest things for us to practice. When people hurt us, our natural reaction is to seek revenge or hold onto bitterness. But Acts 7 teaches us that true Christian character is marked by forgiveness, even toward those who do not deserve it. When we forgive, we reflect the heart of Christ and allow His love to transform us.
Group Discussion Questions
- How does Stephen’s speech in Acts 7 help us understand God’s plan throughout history?
- Why do you think the Jewish leaders reacted so violently to Stephen’s message?
- In what ways do people today reject God’s truth, just as Israel rejected His messengers?
- What does Stephen’s vision of Jesus standing at God’s right hand teach us about Christ’s role as our advocate?
- How can we develop the kind of courage Stephen displayed in the face of opposition?
- What lessons can we learn from the way Stephen responded to persecution and death?
- How does Acts 7 challenge our understanding of true worship and our relationship with God?
- In what areas of your life do you struggle with forgiveness, and how can Stephen’s example help you?
- How does the story of Stephen inspire you to be more faithful in sharing the gospel?
- What steps can you take to ensure that your heart remains open to God’s truth and correction?
How to Embody Acts 7 in Your Life
#1. Speak About Your Faith, Even When It’s Uncomfortable
Stephen boldly shared the gospel, even knowing it could cost him his life. You may not face death for your beliefs, but you might feel pressured to stay silent. When a coworker asks why you don’t participate in gossip, kindly explain that you want to honor God with your words. If a friend is struggling, don’t just offer generic encouragement—share a Bible verse that speaks to their situation.
#2. Forgive Someone Who Has Deeply Hurt You
Stephen prayed for the people stoning him, showing radical forgiveness. Is there someone in your life—a family member, friend, or colleague—who has betrayed or hurt you? Instead of avoiding them or holding a grudge, take action. Send them a kind message, pray for their well-being daily, or, if possible, meet them and let go of the past. Forgiving doesn’t mean excusing wrongs, but it does mean choosing grace over bitterness.
#3. Defend Biblical Truth in Conversations
Stephen stood against religious leaders who rejected God’s truth. Today, you might face situations where people challenge your faith. If a classmate claims the Bible is outdated, respectfully explain why you believe it’s God’s living Word. If someone at work promotes values that contradict Scripture, don’t be afraid to lovingly stand by biblical principles. Keep yourself prepared by regularly studying Scripture and asking the Holy Spirit for wisdom.
#4. Worship God Beyond Just Attending Church
The Jewish leaders focused on the temple, but Stephen reminded them that God isn’t confined to a building. Make your worship a daily habit. Instead of just praying on Sundays, start each morning by thanking God for something specific. During your lunch break, listen to a worship song and reflect on its meaning. In the evening, read a short Bible passage and apply it to your day. Worship is about daily connection, not just routine.
#5. Trust God’s Plan When Life Feels Unfair
Stephen’s death led to the spread of the gospel, even though it seemed tragic. In your life, unexpected struggles may leave you questioning God’s plan. When you lose a job, instead of panicking, pray and trust that God is opening a new door. If a relationship ends, seek God’s guidance rather than despair. Keep a journal of past situations where God has been faithful, and remind yourself that He is always working for your good.
Cross-References & Supporting Scriptures
- Matthew 5:10-12 – “Blessed are those who are persecuted because of righteousness, for theirs is the kingdom of heaven.” (Jesus’ teaching on persecution.)
- Luke 23:34 – “Father, forgive them, for they do not know what they are doing.” (Jesus’ example of forgiveness, echoed by Stephen.)
- Exodus 3:10-12 – (God calling Moses, referenced in Stephen’s speech.)
- Hebrews 11:24-26 – (Moses choosing to follow God rather than enjoy the pleasures of Egypt.)
- Isaiah 66:1-2 – “Heaven is my throne, and the earth is my footstool…” (Referenced by Stephen regarding the temple.)
- John 15:18-20 – (Jesus warning that His followers would be hated and persecuted.)
- Romans 8:28 – “And we know that in all things God works for the good of those who love Him…” (Encouragement in trials.)
- 2 Timothy 3:12 – “Everyone who wants to live a godly life in Christ Jesus will be persecuted.” (A reminder of suffering for faith.)
- 1 Peter 4:16 – “However, if you suffer as a Christian, do not be ashamed, but praise God that you bear that name.”
- Revelation 2:10 – “Be faithful, even to the point of death, and I will give you life as your victor’s crown.”
A Prayer for Embodying the Teachings of Acts 7
Heavenly Father,
Thank You for the powerful lessons in Acts 7. Help us to stand firm in our faith like Stephen, even when we face opposition. Give us courage to speak Your truth boldly and the wisdom to defend our beliefs with love and grace. Teach us to trust in Your plan, even in difficult times, knowing that You are always working for our good.
Lord, soften our hearts so that we do not resist Your truth like the religious leaders did. Help us to forgive those who wrong us and to show them the same love and mercy that Stephen demonstrated. May our lives reflect true worship—not just in rituals, but in a deep and personal relationship with You. Strengthen us to live out these lessons daily.
Amen.
Closing Remarks
Acts 7 is more than just a historical account—it is a powerful challenge to every believer. Stephen’s boldness, unwavering faith, and Christ-like forgiveness show us what it means to truly follow Jesus. His story reminds us that standing for the truth will not always be easy, but God is always with us. His suffering was not in vain, and neither is ours when we trust in God’s plan.
As you reflect on Stephen’s life, ask yourself: How can I be more courageous in my faith? How can I grow in my understanding of God’s Word? Keep studying the Book of Acts and see how the gospel spread despite persecution. Begin with Acts 8, where you will witness the continuation of God’s plan and the unstoppable movement of the early church.