The first missionary journey of Paul and Barnabas marks a turning point in the spread of the gospel. This journey, recorded in Acts 13, represents the moment when the early church actively took the message of Christ beyond Jewish communities and into the wider Gentile world. It was a step of faith, guided by the Holy Spirit, that would shape the course of Christianity forever.
To understand Acts 13, we must see it as part of a larger story. In previous chapters, we witnessed the gospel spreading from Jerusalem to Judea and Samaria, fulfilling Jesus’ command in Acts 1:8. In Acts 11, we saw the rise of the church in Antioch, a diverse and mission-focused congregation. Now, Acts 13 reveals how this church became the launching point for global evangelism.
This chapter is unique because it records the first intentional mission trip of the early church. It shows us how God calls, equips, and sends His people to proclaim His message. As you read, consider how God might be calling you to be part of His mission today. Let this study deepen your faith and inspire you to take bold steps in sharing the gospel.
Bible Study Guide on Acts 13: What You Will Learn
- How the Holy Spirit guided the church in Antioch to send out missionaries.
- The significance of Paul and Barnabas being set apart for God’s work.
- The challenges and opposition they faced, including spiritual resistance.
- How Paul confronted false teaching and proclaimed the truth of Christ.
- The structure and themes of Paul’s sermon in Antioch of Pisidia.
- The message of salvation through Jesus and how it connects to Old Testament prophecy.
- The mixed reactions to the gospel—acceptance by some and rejection by others.
- How Acts 13 sets the stage for the wider missionary efforts of Paul.
Before we begin, let us seek God’s guidance in understanding His Word.
Short Prayer for Guidance
Heavenly Father,
Open our hearts and minds as we study Acts 13. Help us to see Your hand at work in the early church and understand how it applies to our lives today. May Your Spirit guide us in truth, and may we be strengthened to follow Your calling. Thank You for Your Word and the wisdom it provides.
Amen.
Acts 13: Background & Context
Prologue
The Book of Acts is a continuation of the Gospel of Luke. Luke, the author, wrote both books as a unified account of the life, death, and resurrection of Jesus, followed by the birth and expansion of the early church. Acts picks up where the Gospel of Luke ends, showing how Jesus’ followers carried His mission forward through the power of the Holy Spirit.
By Acts 13, the church had already spread beyond Jerusalem. The gospel reached Samaria, Caesarea, and Antioch. The focus now shifts from Peter’s ministry to Paul’s missionary journeys. This transition is crucial because it marks the beginning of the gospel’s expansion to the Gentile world, fulfilling God’s plan for salvation to reach all nations.
Historical Context
The Book of Acts was likely written between A.D. 62 and 70, during the early years of the Christian movement. At this time, the Roman Empire ruled much of the known world, and Greek culture influenced society. The Jewish people were under Roman rule, and there was tension between Jewish traditions and the growing Christian faith.
Acts 13 takes place in Antioch, a major city in Syria, which had become a central hub for early Christianity. The chapter records Paul and Barnabas being sent out as the first missionaries, a mission that would spread Christianity far beyond Jewish communities. This moment is significant because it signals a shift from the gospel being primarily preached to Jews to a more intentional outreach to Gentiles.
Key People & Places
- Paul – Formerly Saul, a Pharisee who persecuted Christians before his dramatic conversion. He becomes the leading apostle to the Gentiles.
- Barnabas – A trusted leader in the early church who mentored Paul and partnered with him in missionary work.
- The Holy Spirit – The divine guide who called Paul and Barnabas to their mission and empowered them to preach the gospel.
- Elymas (Bar-Jesus) – A false prophet and sorcerer who opposed Paul’s teaching and was struck blind as a result.
- Antioch (in Syria) – The first major Gentile church and the launching point for missionary journeys.
- Cyprus – The first stop on Paul and Barnabas’ journey, where they encountered opposition from Elymas.
- Antioch (in Pisidia) – A key city in Asia Minor where Paul delivered a significant sermon about Jesus as the fulfillment of God’s promises.
A Comprehensive Look at Acts 13
Reading the Passage
Before diving into this study, take a moment to read Acts 13:1-3 aloud. Reading Scripture aloud helps you engage with the text deeply. It allows you to hear the rhythm of the words, notice key details, and absorb the message more fully. As you read, pay attention to who is involved, what is happening, and how the Holy Spirit is leading the church in this moment.
Verse-by-Verse Explanation
Barnabas and Saul Sent on Their First Missionary Journey (Acts 13:1-3)
Verse 1
“Now in the church that was at Antioch there were certain prophets and teachers: Barnabas, Simeon who was called Niger, Lucius of Cyrene, Manaen who had been brought up with Herod the tetrarch, and Saul.” (Acts 13:1, NKJV)
This verse introduces key leaders in the church at Antioch. These men were prophets and teachers, responsible for guiding the believers in spiritual matters. The mention of their names highlights the diversity within the early church, showing that God was working through people from different backgrounds.
Explanation:
The church in Antioch was a significant center of Christianity, second only to Jerusalem. The men listed here played a vital role in shaping the mission of the early church. Barnabas was known for his encouragement and leadership. Simeon, also called Niger, may have been of African descent. Lucius of Cyrene was likely from North Africa. Manaen had connections to Herod Antipas, indicating that the gospel was reaching all levels of society. Saul, later known as Paul, was a former persecutor of Christians who had become a passionate advocate for the gospel. The inclusion of these men shows that God calls people from all walks of life to serve in His kingdom.
Verse 2
“As they ministered to the Lord and fasted, the Holy Spirit said, ‘Now separate to Me Barnabas and Saul for the work to which I have called them.’” (Acts 13:2, NKJV)
During a time of worship and fasting, the Holy Spirit directed the church to set apart Barnabas and Saul for a special mission. This shows that the early church sought God’s guidance actively and received clear direction from Him.
Explanation:
The phrase “ministered to the Lord” suggests that these leaders were engaged in worship, prayer, and fasting as an act of devotion. They were not making their own plans but seeking God’s will. Fasting was often a way to humble oneself and focus on spiritual matters. The Holy Spirit’s command was clear—Barnabas and Saul were to be set apart for a mission. This highlights the importance of divine calling in ministry. The church did not decide who would go; God did. The words “the work to which I have called them” indicate that this mission was already established by God, and they were now being commissioned to fulfill it.
Verse 3
“Then, having fasted and prayed, and laid hands on them, they sent them away.” (Acts 13:3, NKJV)
After hearing from the Holy Spirit, the church responded with fasting, prayer, and the laying on of hands. This act showed unity, support, and affirmation of God’s call on Barnabas and Saul.
Explanation:
The repetition of fasting and prayer emphasizes the seriousness of this decision. The church did not act impulsively but sought further confirmation from God. The laying on of hands was a symbolic gesture of blessing and commissioning. It signified that the church stood behind Barnabas and Saul as they embarked on their journey. The phrase “they sent them away” does not mean the church simply dismissed them; it means they were released into their calling with the full backing of the congregation. This passage teaches that mission work should be grounded in prayer and affirmed by the faith community.
Seeing Yourself in the Narrative
God calls people to His work, just as He called Barnabas and Saul. You may not be sent to a distant land, but God has a purpose for your life. Are you listening for His voice? Are you seeking His direction through prayer and fasting? The church at Antioch shows the importance of seeking God’s guidance before making big decisions.
You are part of the body of Christ. Just as the church supported Barnabas and Saul, you can support those who are called to ministry. Whether through prayer, encouragement, or financial giving, you have a role in God’s mission. Ask yourself how you can be involved in spreading the gospel, whether near or far.
Preaching in Cyprus: Elymas the Sorcerer Opposes Them (Acts 13:4-12)
Verse 4
“So, being sent out by the Holy Spirit, they went down to Seleucia, and from there they sailed to Cyprus.” (Acts 13:4, NKJV)
Barnabas and Saul were not acting on their own initiative; they were sent by the Holy Spirit. Their journey began in Seleucia, the port city near Antioch, and from there, they traveled by sea to Cyprus.
Explanation:
The phrase “being sent out by the Holy Spirit” reinforces that this mission was God’s work. The church at Antioch affirmed their calling, but ultimately, it was the Spirit who led them. Seleucia was the closest major port to Antioch, making it a logical departure point. Cyprus was chosen for a reason—Barnabas was from Cyprus (Acts 4:36), meaning he was familiar with the land and its people. This strategic move shows that mission work often begins in familiar places before expanding further. Cyprus was also a significant trade hub, ensuring that the gospel message would reach many travelers.
Verse 5
“And when they arrived in Salamis, they preached the word of God in the synagogues of the Jews. They also had John as their assistant.” (Acts 13:5, NKJV)
Upon arriving in Salamis, the missionaries began preaching in Jewish synagogues. John Mark, a relative of Barnabas, accompanied them to assist in the work.
Explanation:
Salamis was a major city on the eastern coast of Cyprus, making it a natural first stop. Paul and Barnabas followed their usual practice of starting in the Jewish synagogues, where they could connect with those who already had knowledge of God. This approach allowed them to present Jesus as the fulfillment of the Scriptures. John Mark, who is believed to be the author of the Gospel of Mark, served as an assistant. His role was likely to help with logistics and communication, showing that even in mission work, practical support is needed.
Verse 6
“Now when they had gone through the island to Paphos, they found a certain sorcerer, a false prophet, a Jew whose name was Bar-Jesus.” (Acts 13:6, NKJV)
Traveling westward across Cyprus, Paul and Barnabas reached Paphos. There, they encountered a Jewish false prophet named Bar-Jesus, who practiced sorcery.
Explanation:
Paphos was the Roman administrative capital of Cyprus and a center of idol worship, including the cult of Aphrodite. The presence of a sorcerer in such a place was not surprising. Bar-Jesus, also called Elymas, was a Jewish man engaged in occult practices, contradicting Jewish teachings. His name, meaning “Son of Jesus,” was ironic because his actions opposed Christ. This encounter highlights a recurring theme in Acts—whenever the gospel advances, opposition follows. Spiritual deception was a real challenge, and Paul was about to confront it directly.
Verse 7
“Who was with the proconsul, Sergius Paulus, an intelligent man. This man called for Barnabas and Saul and sought to hear the word of God.” (Acts 13:7, NKJV)
Sergius Paulus, the Roman governor of Cyprus, showed interest in the gospel. Despite being surrounded by pagan influences, he desired to hear the message of God.
Explanation:
Sergius Paulus was a proconsul, meaning he governed Cyprus on behalf of Rome. Described as an intelligent man, he was likely educated and open to philosophical discussions. His curiosity about the gospel suggests that he was searching for truth. The fact that he invited Barnabas and Saul to speak shows the growing influence of the Christian message. This moment was significant because it demonstrated that even high-ranking officials were being drawn to Christ. However, opposition was about to arise.
Verse 8
“But Elymas the sorcerer (for so his name is translated) withstood them, seeking to turn the proconsul away from the faith.” (Acts 13:8, NKJV)
Elymas actively opposed Paul and Barnabas, trying to prevent the proconsul from believing. He saw their message as a threat to his influence.
Explanation:
Elymas, the sorcerer, represents the spiritual resistance that often comes when people seek truth. His actions show that opposition to the gospel is not merely human—it is often influenced by dark spiritual forces. He likely feared losing his position of power if Sergius Paulus embraced Christianity. This battle between truth and deception is a pattern seen throughout history. Whenever the gospel is preached, there will be forces that try to hinder its spread.
Verse 9-10
“Then Saul, who also is called Paul, filled with the Holy Spirit, looked intently at him and said, ‘O full of all deceit and all fraud, you son of the devil, you enemy of all righteousness, will you not cease perverting the straight ways of the Lord?’” (Acts 13:9-10, NKJV)
Paul, filled with the Holy Spirit, confronted Elymas sharply. He exposed him as a deceiver and an enemy of God’s truth.
Explanation:
This is the first time Saul is referred to as Paul, marking a shift as he begins his Gentile ministry. Being “filled with the Holy Spirit” means Paul’s words carried divine authority. He did not hold back, calling Elymas a “son of the devil” rather than “Bar-Jesus” (son of Jesus). His accusation of deceit and fraud revealed the true nature of Elymas’ work—it was corrupt and misleading. Paul’s boldness shows that spiritual warfare requires standing firm in truth. Sometimes, confronting deception directly is necessary to prevent others from being led astray.
Verse 11
“And now, indeed, the hand of the Lord is upon you, and you shall be blind, not seeing the sun for a time.” And immediately a dark mist fell on him, and he went around seeking someone to lead him by the hand.” (Acts 13:11, NKJV)
Paul declared judgment on Elymas, and he was struck with temporary blindness. This mirrored Paul’s own experience on the road to Damascus.
Explanation:
The phrase “the hand of the Lord is upon you” indicates divine judgment. Elymas’ blindness was not permanent, but it was a sign that his spiritual darkness had real consequences. His physical condition reflected his inner blindness to the truth. Ironically, he now needed others to guide him—just as he had misled others spiritually. This moment demonstrated God’s power over evil forces and confirmed that Paul’s message was from God. It also served as a warning: opposing the gospel leads to consequences.
Verse 12
“Then the proconsul believed, when he saw what had been done, being astonished at the teaching of the Lord.” (Acts 13:12, NKJV)
Seeing the power of God firsthand, Sergius Paulus believed. The miracle confirmed the truth of the gospel in his eyes.
Explanation:
The conversion of a Roman official was a major milestone in the spread of Christianity. His belief was not just based on the miracle but on “the teaching of the Lord.” The gospel’s power was evident not only in words but also in action. This event highlighted that faith comes through both hearing and witnessing God’s work. The victory over Elymas reinforced that the gospel is more powerful than any deception.
Seeing Yourself in the Narrative
Spiritual opposition is real. Whenever you commit to following Christ, expect resistance. It may not always come in the form of a sorcerer, but there will be challenges. Like Paul, you must stand firm in truth. Are you prepared to confront deception with the Word of God? Are you relying on the Holy Spirit to give you wisdom and boldness?
God’s power is greater than any obstacle. Sergius Paulus believed because he saw the truth in both word and action. Your life can be a testimony that draws others to Christ. When people see your faith lived out, they may be drawn to the gospel. How can you live in a way that reflects God’s truth to those around you?
Paul’s Sermon in Antioch of Pisidia: A History of Israel (Acts 13:13-25)
Verse 13
“Now when Paul and his party set sail from Paphos, they came to Perga in Pamphylia; and John, departing from them, returned to Jerusalem.” (Acts 13:13, NKJV)
Paul and his companions traveled from Cyprus to Perga in the region of Pamphylia. However, John Mark left them and returned to Jerusalem.
Explanation:
This verse marks an important transition. Up to this point, Barnabas was the apparent leader, but now the text refers to “Paul and his party,” signaling Paul’s emerging leadership. The journey to Perga, a coastal city in modern Turkey, marked the beginning of their ministry in Asia Minor. John Mark’s departure was significant. Though no reason is given, his decision to leave would later cause tension between Paul and Barnabas (Acts 15:37-39). This departure may have been due to fear, homesickness, or disagreement over their mission. Regardless, it showed that mission work required perseverance.
Verse 14
“But when they departed from Perga, they came to Antioch in Pisidia, and went into the synagogue on the Sabbath day and sat down.” (Acts 13:14, NKJV)
Paul and his team left Perga and traveled to Antioch in Pisidia, where they attended the synagogue service on the Sabbath.
Explanation:
Antioch in Pisidia (not to be confused with Antioch in Syria) was a major city in the Roman province of Galatia. It was a significant center for trade and administration, making it a strategic location for spreading the gospel. As was his custom, Paul began his ministry in the synagogue, reaching out to the Jewish community first. This allowed him to preach to those already familiar with the Scriptures and then extend the message to Gentiles. By sitting down among the worshipers, Paul positioned himself to be invited to speak, which was a common practice for visiting teachers.
Verse 15
“And after the reading of the Law and the Prophets, the rulers of the synagogue sent to them, saying, ‘Men and brethren, if you have any word of exhortation for the people, say on.’” (Acts 13:15, NKJV)
The synagogue leaders invited Paul and Barnabas to share a word of encouragement after the Scripture reading.
Explanation:
Jewish synagogue services typically included readings from the Law (the Torah) and the Prophets. After the reading, it was customary to invite a knowledgeable visitor to offer a message of encouragement or interpretation. This invitation provided Paul the perfect opportunity to preach the gospel. The phrase “Men and brethren” indicated that the synagogue rulers viewed Paul and Barnabas as fellow Jews. Their openness shows that they were willing to hear new teachings, unaware that Paul’s message would challenge their existing beliefs. This moment was a divine appointment for sharing Christ.
Verse 16-17
“Then Paul stood up, and motioning with his hand said: ‘Men of Israel, and you who fear God, listen: The God of this people Israel chose our fathers, and exalted the people when they dwelt as strangers in the land of Egypt, and with an uplifted arm He brought them out of it.’” (Acts 13:16-17, NKJV)
Paul began his sermon by addressing both Jews and God-fearing Gentiles, recounting Israel’s history and God’s deliverance from Egypt.
Explanation:
Paul’s opening was respectful and engaging. He acknowledged both Jews (“Men of Israel”) and Gentiles who worshiped the God of Israel (“you who fear God”). This inclusiveness showed that his message was for all who sought the truth. Paul started with Israel’s history to establish common ground, reminding them that God had chosen their ancestors and miraculously rescued them from Egypt. The phrase “with an uplifted arm” emphasizes God’s power in delivering His people. This introduction laid the foundation for showing that Jesus was the fulfillment of God’s plan for Israel.
Verse 18-19
“Now for a time of about forty years He put up with their ways in the wilderness. And when He had destroyed seven nations in the land of Canaan, He distributed their land to them by allotment.” (Acts 13:18-19, NKJV)
Paul continued by highlighting Israel’s time in the wilderness and their conquest of Canaan under God’s guidance.
Explanation:
The phrase “He put up with their ways” suggests God’s patience with Israel’s repeated disobedience during their 40 years in the wilderness. Despite their failures, He remained faithful to His promise. The reference to the destruction of seven nations (Deuteronomy 7:1) points to God’s sovereignty in establishing Israel in the Promised Land. This part of the sermon reinforced that Israel’s history was a testimony of God’s faithfulness and justice. Paul was preparing his listeners to see that just as God provided leadership for Israel, He had now sent Jesus as the ultimate deliverer.
Verse 20-22
“After that He gave them judges for about four hundred and fifty years, until Samuel the prophet. And afterward they asked for a king; so God gave them Saul the son of Kish, a man of the tribe of Benjamin, for forty years. And when He had removed him, He raised up for them David as king, to whom also He gave testimony and said, ‘I have found David the son of Jesse, a man after My own heart, who will do all My will.’” (Acts 13:20-22, NKJV)
Paul summarized Israel’s leadership history, from judges to kings, culminating in David, whom God described as a man after His own heart.
Explanation:
Paul’s overview of Israel’s leadership emphasized that God was always in control. The period of judges showed how Israel struggled without strong leadership. When they demanded a king, God allowed Saul to rule, but his reign ended in failure. David was chosen instead, demonstrating that God values obedience over status. By highlighting David, Paul was leading toward his main point—Jesus, the descendant of David, was the promised Savior. The phrase “a man after My own heart” showed that God’s ideal leader is one who seeks His will.
Verse 23-25
“From this man’s seed, according to the promise, God raised up for Israel a Savior—Jesus—after John had first preached, before His coming, the baptism of repentance to all the people of Israel. And as John was finishing his course, he said, ‘Who do you think I am? I am not He. But behold, there comes One after me, the sandals of whose feet I am not worthy to loose.’” (Acts 13:23-25, NKJV)
Paul concluded this section by declaring that Jesus was the promised Savior from David’s lineage, as proclaimed by John the Baptist.
Explanation:
This was the climax of Paul’s historical overview—Jesus was the fulfillment of God’s promises. Paul connected Jesus to David to show that He was the rightful King and Messiah. He also referenced John the Baptist, whose role was to prepare the way for Jesus. John’s statement that he was “not worthy to loose” Jesus’ sandals emphasized Christ’s superiority. This testimony from John, a respected prophet, strengthened Paul’s argument that Jesus was the long-awaited Redeemer.
Seeing Yourself in the Narrative
Paul’s sermon reminds us that God’s plan unfolds through history. Just as He guided Israel, He is guiding your life today. Have you recognized how God has worked in your past to lead you to the truth? Are you responding in faith to His direction?
John the Baptist pointed people to Christ, not to himself. Like John, you are called to direct others to Jesus. Your life and testimony can prepare the way for someone to encounter the Savior. How are you using your influence to point people to Christ?
Paul’s Message of Salvation Through Jesus (Acts 13:26-41)
Verse 26
“Men and brethren, sons of the family of Abraham, and those among you who fear God, to you the word of this salvation has been sent.” (Acts 13:26, NKJV)
Paul addressed both Jews and God-fearing Gentiles, declaring that the message of salvation was for them.
Explanation:
Paul emphasized that the gospel was intended for all who sought God, whether they were ethnic Jews (“sons of the family of Abraham”) or Gentile converts (“those among you who fear God”). This inclusivity reinforced that salvation was not just a national promise to Israel but a universal offer. The phrase “the word of this salvation” pointed directly to Jesus as the fulfillment of God’s redemptive plan. By saying, “to you,” Paul made the message personal, urging his listeners to recognize their need for salvation.
Verse 27
“For those who dwell in Jerusalem, and their rulers, because they did not know Him, nor even the voices of the Prophets which are read every Sabbath, have fulfilled them in condemning Him.” (Acts 13:27, NKJV)
Paul explained that the Jewish leaders unknowingly fulfilled prophecy by condemning Jesus.
Explanation:
The irony in this verse is striking. The very people who read the Scriptures every Sabbath failed to recognize their fulfillment in Jesus. Paul accused the religious leaders in Jerusalem of spiritual blindness. By rejecting Jesus, they fulfilled the prophecies they claimed to uphold. This highlighted a crucial lesson: knowledge of Scripture alone is not enough—one must have a heart open to God’s truth. The implication was clear: Paul’s audience should not repeat the same mistake by rejecting the gospel.
Verse 28-29
“And though they found no cause for death in Him, they asked Pilate that He should be put to death. Now when they had fulfilled all that was written concerning Him, they took Him down from the tree and laid Him in a tomb.” (Acts 13:28-29, NKJV)
Paul recounted Jesus’ unjust execution and burial, emphasizing that His death fulfilled prophecy.
Explanation:
Jesus was innocent, yet He was sentenced to death. Paul’s wording subtly pointed to both human responsibility and divine sovereignty—though the leaders condemned Jesus, it was ultimately part of God’s plan. The phrase “fulfilled all that was written concerning Him” confirmed that Christ’s suffering was foretold in Scripture. The mention of the “tree” (a reference to Deuteronomy 21:23) emphasized that Jesus bore the curse of sin for humanity. His burial was not the end, but a step toward victory.
Verse 30-31
“But God raised Him from the dead. He was seen for many days by those who came up with Him from Galilee to Jerusalem, who are His witnesses to the people.” (Acts 13:30-31, NKJV)
Paul declared Jesus’ resurrection and its confirmation by eyewitnesses.
Explanation:
These verses mark a turning point in Paul’s sermon. The phrase “But God raised Him” stands in contrast to the previous verse, showing that death was not the final word. Paul emphasized the historical reality of the resurrection—Jesus was seen by many witnesses over several days. This was not a private event or a legend but a verifiable fact. The mention of eyewitnesses reinforced credibility, showing that the resurrection was central to the gospel message.
Verse 32-33
“And we declare to you glad tidings—that promise which was made to the fathers. God has fulfilled this for us their children, in that He has raised up Jesus. As it is also written in the second Psalm: ‘You are My Son, today I have begotten You.’” (Acts 13:32-33, NKJV)
Paul proclaimed that Jesus’ resurrection fulfilled God’s ancient promises.
Explanation:
Paul called the gospel “glad tidings” because it was the good news of God’s faithfulness. He connected Jesus’ resurrection to God’s covenant with Israel, proving that Jesus was the promised Messiah. Quoting Psalm 2:7, he underscored Jesus’ divine sonship. The phrase “today I have begotten You” does not imply Jesus was created, but rather refers to His resurrection as the moment He was publicly declared as the victorious Son of God.
Verse 34-37
“And that He raised Him from the dead, no more to return to corruption, He has spoken thus: ‘I will give you the sure mercies of David.’ Therefore He also says in another Psalm: ‘You will not allow Your Holy One to see corruption.’ For David, after he had served his own generation by the will of God, fell asleep, was buried with his fathers, and saw corruption; but He whom God raised up saw no corruption.” (Acts 13:34-37, NKJV)
Paul contrasted Jesus with David, proving that Jesus’ resurrection was unique.
Explanation:
Paul cited Isaiah 55:3 and Psalm 16:10 to argue that Jesus was the fulfillment of God’s promises to David. David, though a great king, died and his body decayed. But Jesus, the true “Holy One,” did not see corruption. This was further proof that Jesus was not just another great leader but the eternal Son of God. The resurrection was not merely a restoration to life but a transformation into immortality.
Verse 38-39
“Therefore let it be known to you, brethren, that through this Man is preached to you the forgiveness of sins; and by Him everyone who believes is justified from all things from which you could not be justified by the law of Moses.” (Acts 13:38-39, NKJV)
Paul proclaimed that salvation comes through faith in Jesus, not the Law.
Explanation:
These verses contain the heart of Paul’s gospel message. He declared that forgiveness of sins is available only through Jesus. The Law of Moses, though given by God, could not justify sinners. It could only reveal sin, not remove it. Justification—being made right with God—comes through faith in Christ. Paul’s words were revolutionary, especially for Jews who believed the Law was their means of righteousness. This was a direct call to trust in Jesus alone.
Verse 40-41
“Beware therefore, lest what has been spoken in the prophets come upon you: ‘Behold, you despisers, marvel and perish! For I work a work in your days, a work which you will by no means believe, though one were to declare it to you.’” (Acts 13:40-41, NKJV)
Paul warned his audience not to reject the gospel as their ancestors had rejected God’s prophets.
Explanation:
Quoting Habakkuk 1:5, Paul issued a solemn warning. The Jewish people had a history of rejecting God’s messengers, leading to judgment. Paul urged his listeners not to repeat that mistake by rejecting Christ. The phrase “marvel and perish” highlighted the seriousness of disbelief. God’s “work” referred to the salvation offered through Jesus, which some would tragically dismiss despite its undeniable truth. This was a final appeal to accept the gospel.
Seeing Yourself in the Narrative
Paul’s message challenges you to consider where you place your trust. Are you relying on good works or religious rituals to be right with God? The gospel declares that true justification comes only through faith in Jesus. Have you embraced that truth fully?
Rejection of God’s message leads to spiritual blindness. Paul warned his listeners to be careful not to dismiss Christ. Today, that warning still applies. Have you responded to Jesus in faith, or are you hesitating? This passage urges you to believe while there is still time.
Reactions to Paul’s Message: Acceptance and Rejection (Acts 13:42-52)
Verse 42
“So when the Jews went out of the synagogue, the Gentiles begged that these words might be preached to them the next Sabbath.” (Acts 13:42, NKJV)
The Gentiles were eager to hear more about the message of salvation.
Explanation:
Paul’s sermon sparked interest among the Gentiles, who recognized the significance of what he was saying. While some Jews left without showing much enthusiasm, the Gentiles actively requested more teaching. This response revealed a growing hunger for the gospel beyond Israel. The fact that they wanted Paul to speak again the next Sabbath demonstrated the impact of his words. It also foreshadowed the broader mission of taking the gospel to the Gentile world.
Verse 43
“Now when the congregation had broken up, many of the Jews and devout proselytes followed Paul and Barnabas, who, speaking to them, persuaded them to continue in the grace of God.” (Acts 13:43, NKJV)
Some Jews and converts were drawn to Paul’s message and wanted to learn more.
Explanation:
Despite initial skepticism, some Jews and Gentile proselytes (converts to Judaism) were moved by Paul’s words. They followed him and Barnabas, eager for further discussion. Paul and Barnabas encouraged them to remain steadfast in God’s grace. This phrase, “continue in the grace of God,” hinted at the new covenant of grace through Jesus, contrasting with the Law’s demands. It showed that faith was not a one-time event but an ongoing commitment.
Verse 44
“On the next Sabbath almost the whole city came together to hear the word of God.” (Acts 13:44, NKJV)
The gospel message spread quickly, drawing a large crowd.
Explanation:
Paul’s sermon had a ripple effect. By the next Sabbath, nearly the entire city—both Jews and Gentiles—gathered to hear more. This massive turnout indicated that the gospel had stirred deep interest. It also highlighted God’s plan to reach beyond Israel to all nations. The presence of such a large crowd showed that the message was powerful and transformative, creating anticipation and tension among different groups.
Verse 45
“But when the Jews saw the multitudes, they were filled with envy; and contradicting and blaspheming, they opposed the things spoken by Paul.” (Acts 13:45, NKJV)
Some Jewish leaders reacted with jealousy and opposition.
Explanation:
The Jewish leaders, instead of rejoicing that many were turning to God, reacted with envy. Seeing the Gentiles embrace a message they considered their own made them resentful. Their response was not based on theological disagreement alone but on a fear of losing influence. By contradicting Paul and even blaspheming, they hardened their hearts against the gospel. Their rejection mirrored the resistance Jesus faced from religious leaders.
Verse 46
“Then Paul and Barnabas grew bold and said, ‘It was necessary that the word of God should be spoken to you first; but since you reject it, and judge yourselves unworthy of everlasting life, behold, we turn to the Gentiles.’” (Acts 13:46, NKJV)
Paul boldly declared that the gospel would now focus on the Gentiles.
Explanation:
Paul and Barnabas did not back down. They reminded the Jews that God had given them the first opportunity to accept salvation. However, their rejection led to a pivotal shift—turning to the Gentiles. Paul’s words were a declaration of God’s expanding mission. The phrase “judge yourselves unworthy” was striking—it placed the responsibility for rejection on them, showing that unbelief was a personal choice with eternal consequences.
Verse 47
“For so the Lord has commanded us: ‘I have set you as a light to the Gentiles, that you should be for salvation to the ends of the earth.’” (Acts 13:47, NKJV)
Paul cited Scripture to show that the mission to the Gentiles was God’s plan.
Explanation:
Quoting Isaiah 49:6, Paul demonstrated that God always intended for salvation to reach beyond Israel. This prophecy, originally referring to the Messiah, was now being fulfilled through Paul and Barnabas. Their mission was to be a “light to the Gentiles,” just as Jesus had been. This verse reaffirmed the universal scope of the gospel and God’s desire for all people to be saved.
Verse 48
“Now when the Gentiles heard this, they were glad and glorified the word of the Lord. And as many as had been appointed to eternal life believed.” (Acts 13:48, NKJV)
The Gentiles rejoiced and many came to faith.
Explanation:
Unlike the Jews who resisted, the Gentiles received the gospel with joy. They recognized the grace of God in being included in His salvation plan. The phrase “appointed to eternal life” suggests God’s sovereign role in salvation. This verse highlights both human responsibility (belief) and divine election. The result was a great movement of faith among the Gentiles.
Verse 49-50
“And the word of the Lord was being spread throughout all the region. But the Jews stirred up the devout and prominent women and the chief men of the city, raised up persecution against Paul and Barnabas, and expelled them from their region.” (Acts 13:49-50, NKJV)
The gospel spread, but opposition grew stronger.
Explanation:
As more people embraced the message, opposition intensified. The Jewish leaders, unwilling to let go of their influence, incited prominent figures to take action. This led to persecution and the expulsion of Paul and Barnabas. Their response reflected a common pattern in the early church—whenever the gospel advanced, opposition followed. Yet, instead of stopping the movement, persecution often fueled further growth.
Verse 51-52
“But they shook off the dust from their feet against them, and came to Iconium. And the disciples were filled with joy and with the Holy Spirit.” (Acts 13:51-52, NKJV)
Paul and Barnabas moved forward, and the believers were strengthened.
Explanation:
Shaking the dust off their feet was a symbolic act of judgment. It meant that Paul and Barnabas had done their duty, and those who rejected the gospel were accountable for their choice. Instead of being discouraged, they continued their mission. Meanwhile, the new believers were filled with joy and the Holy Spirit, showing that faith in Christ brings lasting peace even in the face of opposition.
Seeing Yourself in the Narrative
This passage challenges you to examine how you respond to God’s word. Do you receive it with joy, like the Gentiles, or do you resist it out of pride or fear, like the Jewish leaders? The gospel demands a response. Have you fully embraced it?
Opposition to the gospel is inevitable, but it should not deter your faith. Paul and Barnabas pressed forward despite persecution. Their example reminds you that faithfulness to God’s calling brings joy, even when facing challenges. How can you stand firm in your faith today?
Main Teachings of Acts 13
#1. God’s Plan of Salvation is for All People
Acts 13 reveals that salvation is not limited to the Jews but extends to the Gentiles as well. Paul’s sermon in Antioch of Pisidia traced God’s faithfulness throughout Israel’s history, leading to Jesus as the fulfillment of His promises. When the Jews rejected the message, Paul boldly declared that the gospel would now go to the Gentiles. This shift emphasized that God’s love and salvation are available to all who believe, regardless of their background.
This truth remains relevant today. No one is excluded from God’s grace. Whether you come from a religious background or not, God calls you to receive His gift of salvation through faith in Jesus. The inclusion of the Gentiles in Acts 13 serves as a reminder that the gospel is universal, breaking barriers of ethnicity, culture, and social status.
#2. Boldness is Needed to Share the Gospel
Paul and Barnabas did not hesitate to proclaim the gospel, even in the face of opposition. They spoke with authority in the synagogue, declaring Jesus as the Messiah. When faced with rejection and hostility, they did not retreat but instead pressed forward, continuing their mission. Their unwavering confidence in God’s truth allowed them to endure hardships without losing sight of their purpose.
You are also called to be bold in sharing your faith. The gospel is a message that must be spoken, even when met with resistance. Fear of rejection should not silence you. Like Paul and Barnabas, you can trust that God will give you the courage and wisdom needed to spread His word. Standing firm in faith, even when opposed, is a mark of true discipleship.
#3. Rejection of the Gospel is a Personal Choice
The Jews in Antioch had the first opportunity to receive the gospel, but many rejected it. Paul made it clear that by doing so, they were judging themselves “unworthy of eternal life.” Their rejection was not because of a lack of evidence or understanding but because of hardened hearts. This passage underscores that belief in Christ is a personal decision, and those who refuse Him do so at their own cost.
This truth is a sobering reminder for you today. God offers salvation freely, but He does not force anyone to accept it. If you hear His word and turn away, the responsibility lies with you. However, for those who receive it, there is eternal life and joy in Christ. How you respond to the gospel shapes your eternal destiny.
#4. Opposition Cannot Stop God’s Work
Despite rejection and persecution, the gospel continued to spread. The Jewish leaders tried to silence Paul and Barnabas, but instead, their opposition only fueled the growth of the church. Paul and Barnabas did not allow opposition to shake their faith; rather, they trusted God and moved forward to new regions, carrying the message even further.
This truth applies to your life as well. You may face challenges when living out your faith, whether from society, friends, or even family. However, opposition should not discourage you. God’s plans cannot be stopped by human resistance. When you remain faithful, He will continue to use you for His purposes, even in difficult circumstances.
#5. The Holy Spirit Empowers Believers
Acts 13 repeatedly highlights the role of the Holy Spirit in guiding and strengthening Paul and Barnabas. It was the Spirit who directed the church in Antioch to send them on their mission. The Spirit also gave them boldness, wisdom, and endurance as they preached. Even in persecution, the disciples were “filled with joy and the Holy Spirit,” showing that their strength came from God, not their circumstances.
You are not alone in your walk of faith. The same Spirit that empowered Paul and Barnabas dwells in you. He gives you the courage to stand firm, the wisdom to speak truth, and the endurance to persevere. Relying on the Holy Spirit enables you to live a life that glorifies God and fulfills His mission.
#6. True Joy Comes from Following God’s Will
Despite being expelled from the region, Paul and Barnabas did not leave in discouragement. Instead, the passage says the disciples were filled with joy. Their joy did not come from comfort or success but from knowing they were faithful to God’s call. They understood that obedience to Christ was more valuable than worldly approval.
This challenges you to evaluate where your joy comes from. Do you base it on circumstances, or is it rooted in your relationship with God? True joy is found in following Him, even when it involves hardship. When you trust in His purpose for your life, He will fill you with a joy that cannot be shaken.
Group Discussion Questions
- What does Acts 13 teach us about God’s plan for salvation?
- How does Paul’s boldness in preaching the gospel challenge you in your own faith?
- Why do you think some people reject the gospel even when they hear the truth?
- How did the Holy Spirit guide and empower Paul and Barnabas in their mission?
- What can we learn from Paul and Barnabas about dealing with opposition to our faith?
- In what ways does Acts 13 show that God’s message cannot be stopped?
- How can you be more intentional in sharing the gospel with others?
- What role does joy play in serving God, even in difficult situations?
- How does Acts 13 encourage you to trust God’s plan, even when facing rejection?
- What is one action you can take this week to live out the lessons from Acts 13?
How to Embody Acts 13 in Your Life
#1. Share the Gospel with Boldness
Paul and Barnabas did not hesitate to proclaim the gospel, even in the face of rejection. You can follow their example by sharing your faith confidently, whether through personal conversations, social media, or inviting others to church.
Real-Life Example: If a coworker is going through a difficult time, offer to pray for them and share how Jesus has given you peace in your own struggles. Instead of avoiding faith-based conversations, be intentional about discussing the hope found in Christ.
#2. Trust the Holy Spirit’s Guidance
The Holy Spirit directed the church in Antioch to send Paul and Barnabas on their mission. You can also rely on the Spirit’s guidance in your decisions, whether big or small. Pray for wisdom, listen for God’s leading, and trust that He will direct your steps.
Real-Life Example: If you’re considering a career change, a ministry opportunity, or even how to respond to a difficult situation, spend time in prayer and Scripture. Seek counsel from spiritually mature believers and be open to where God is leading you.
#3. Persevere Through Opposition
Paul and Barnabas faced resistance, but they did not give up. When you live out your faith, you may face criticism or even hostility. Do not be discouraged—stand firm in God’s truth and continue following Him.
Real-Life Example: If friends or family mock your faith or challenge your beliefs, respond with love and grace. Stay strong in your convictions, and remember that rejection of the gospel is not a rejection of you but of Christ.
#4. Rejoice in God’s Plan, Even When Things Don’t Go Your Way
After being expelled from a city, Paul and Barnabas did not leave in despair—they were filled with joy. You can have the same attitude by trusting that God’s plan is always good, even when circumstances seem unfavorable.
Real-Life Example: If you face disappointment, such as losing a job or experiencing a failed relationship, choose to trust that God is working for your good. Instead of complaining, thank Him for His faithfulness and look for the lessons He is teaching you.
#5. Make Disciples Wherever You Go
Paul and Barnabas didn’t just preach—they made disciples. You are called to do the same by helping others grow in their faith. Whether mentoring a younger believer or leading a Bible study, invest in others spiritually.
Real-Life Example: If a friend has recently come to faith, offer to read the Bible with them once a week. Encourage them, answer their questions, and pray for them. Your guidance can help them grow stronger in their relationship with Christ.
Cross-References & Supporting Scriptures
- Matthew 28:19-20 – “Go therefore and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit, teaching them to observe all that I have commanded you. And behold, I am with you always, to the end of the age.” (Jesus’ Great Commission aligns with Paul and Barnabas’ mission.)
- Romans 10:14-15 – “How then will they call on him in whom they have not believed? And how are they to believe in him of whom they have never heard? And how are they to hear without someone preaching?” (The necessity of preaching the gospel to all people.)
- Acts 1:8 – “But you will receive power when the Holy Spirit has come upon you, and you will be my witnesses in Jerusalem and in all Judea and Samaria, and to the end of the earth.” (The Holy Spirit empowers believers to spread the gospel.)
- 2 Timothy 4:2 – “Preach the word; be ready in season and out of season; reprove, rebuke, and exhort, with complete patience and teaching.” (A call to preach the gospel boldly, just as Paul and Barnabas did.)
- John 15:18-20 – “If the world hates you, know that it has hated me before it hated you. If you were of the world, the world would love you as its own; but because you are not of the world, but I chose you out of the world, therefore the world hates you.” (Jesus warns that rejection and opposition are part of following Him.)
- Isaiah 49:6 – “I will make you as a light for the nations, that my salvation may reach to the end of the earth.” (God’s plan has always been for salvation to extend beyond Israel to all nations.)
- 1 Corinthians 9:16 – “For if I preach the gospel, that gives me no ground for boasting. For necessity is laid upon me. Woe to me if I do not preach the gospel!” (Paul’s deep sense of responsibility to share the message of Christ.)
- Galatians 6:9 – “And let us not grow weary of doing good, for in due season we will reap, if we do not give up.” (Encouragement to persevere in faith and mission, even when facing hardships.)
A Prayer to Live According to the Message of Acts 13
Heavenly Father,
Thank You for the wisdom and lessons found in Acts 13. You have shown us the boldness of Paul and Barnabas, the power of the Holy Spirit, and the importance of spreading the gospel. Help us to be obedient to Your calling, to trust in Your plan, and to remain steadfast in faith even when we face rejection. Strengthen us to share Your truth with confidence and love.
Give us hearts that seek Your guidance in all things. Help us to see opportunities to serve and disciple others. Fill us with joy, even in trials, knowing that Your purpose will always prevail. Let our lives reflect the mission and message of Acts 13, that we may glorify You in all we do.
Amen.
Closing Remarks
Acts 13 is a powerful chapter that highlights the calling, obedience, and perseverance of Paul and Barnabas as they spread the gospel. It reminds us that God’s mission is unstoppable, and His message is meant for all people. Through the guidance of the Holy Spirit, we too are called to share the truth of Christ, even when we face challenges. The boldness, faith, and endurance of Paul and Barnabas serve as an example for us to follow in our own walk with God.
As you reflect on this chapter, ask yourself how you can live out its teachings in your daily life. Will you boldly proclaim the gospel? Will you trust God’s plan even when things seem difficult? Your faith journey is part of a greater mission. Keep studying the Word, and as you continue reading, consider diving into Acts 14 to see what happens next in Paul and Barnabas’ mission.